What is this posting actually asking for?
Required and preferred are different lists, and treating them as one is the commonest mistake in tailoring a resume. Every term shows the line it came from.
What this posting is actually asking for
Required and preferred separated, each with the line it came from, and the criteria that should never be scored kept out of the count.
Required
Preferred
Constraints — shown, never scored
How terms are classified
Requirement level follows the nearest preceding heading, which is how these documents are written. A term under "Nice to have" is preferred however emphatically it is phrased.
Salience is how often a term recurs relative to the most frequent one. A concept repeated throughout a posting is usually what the role is actually about.
Location, work authorisation, travel and schedule are listed separately and never counted. They matter practically — a visa requirement can decide whether applying is worthwhile — but scoring a person against them is how a hiring tool discriminates.
Required and preferred are not the same list
Treating them as one is the most common mistake in tailoring a resume. A posting typically lists five or six genuine requirements and a dozen things somebody would like, and the difference is usually a heading.
Meeting every required item and half the preferred ones is a strong application. Chasing all eighteen produces a resume that reads like the job description, which is its own problem.
Repetition tells you what the role is
A term mentioned once in a long list of tools is background. A term appearing in the summary, the responsibilities and the requirements is what the person will actually spend their week doing.
That is worth more than the required/preferred split when deciding what to lead with.
What is deliberately not counted
Work authorisation, location, travel and shift requirements are surfaced because you need to see them before spending an evening on an application. They are excluded from every count and score here.
Matching a person against those criteria is precisely the mechanism by which automated hiring tools discriminate, and building it in would be a choice rather than an oversight.